#3) a) Looking at population pyramid #1, you are able to see that the age groups for population are very diverse, and not many new kids are being born. This means that the infant mortality rate is low and the dependancy age group for children isn’t very high since not large amounts are being born. As you go up the pyramid, you are able to see that population does not decrease constantly as ages increase, which means life expectancy is high. This also means that since people are living long, dependancy age group is mostly for elderly since technology and medicine in the Old Core society is very advanced
By analyzing population pyramid #2, there are a variety of things that can be learned and observed. First you are able to see that the most populous age group is 0-4 year olds, and the least populous is 85 year olds+. However, infant mortality is high and life expectancy is low. This means that the dependancy age group is mainly young people since adults are having so many kids, and most people don’t live to the point where they are dependant for assistance at old age. you are able to see that population range for each age group as you go up the pyramid seems to be nearly the same for each gender.
b) Looking at table 4.11, it is very similar to pyramid #2 in figure 4.9, however the over all population is a little bit smaller. you are able to see that the population of 0-4 year olds is the highest and 85 year old+ is very small which means life expectancy is not long. This means that the dependancy age group is mainly children than the elderly. There is a very small population decrease from 0-4 years to 10-14 which means infant mortality rate is not high.
#4) a) post industrial economy is a period of growth within an industrialized economy where manufacturing reduces and services, information and research grows.
b) This is effecting the worlds population since some nations are so technically advanced due to research and information, that various services and industries such as the medical field are able to have modernized medicines that increase life expectancy and lower infant mortality rate. this leads to people wanting to have less children since the chances of having 1 child survive long is very likely. This also makes the dependancy age group mostly for the elderly
#5) DEATH RATE= deaths in a year/population x 1000
NATURAL INCREASE RATE= death rate - birth rate
IMIGRATION RATE= # of immigrants/population x 1000
EMIGRATION RATE= # of emigrants/population x 1000
NET MIGRATION RATE= immigration rate-emigration rate
POPULATION GROWTH RATE=
DEPENDACY LOAD= population 14 and lower + population 65 and older / population 15 to 64 x 100
MORALITY RATE= deaths among children under age 1/number of live births in the same year x 10000
#7) a) 32,168,000
b)
#9) Declining population will have different effects depending on the age groups you want to decline. For example, if less people stop having babies, the dependancy age group will decrease for young people, however that only means it will be higher for the elderly. If general population of over all ages groups were somehow decreased, The government would have to watch over less people and provide for less which means a lot of financial and debt problems would be solvable. Law enforcement would also have less people to look after and enforce governing to which would mean safer and more structured society with hopefully less crime. The unemployment rate would go down since less people would require jobs, but at the same time less population means a lot of services and products would no longer be needed which means the end of many businesses. A lot of the earths environmental issues could be solved by decreasing the use of many natural resources.
#10) a) We think that this dependancy age group is pretty accurate, however their are some flaws to it. While there are many old people dependant on others for survival, there are also plenty of people over the age of 65 who are healthy and able to take care of themselves on their own. Many of them while being retired, are able to work at basic service and minimum wage jobs that so many businesses depend on their service on a regular basis. They are able to provide themselves with a stable income on their own, and look after their health and well being without assistance. On the other hand, we think the dependancy age group for younger ages is realistic. There is no way anyone who is under the age of 15 able to take care of themselves fully without support, while still going through puberty and not being fully educated. In most cases, if you are under the age of 15 there is no place that you get get a job and be employed so you would never be able earn a stable income to support a lifestyle and basic needs.
b) Even though this dependancy age range is not 100% effective and accurate, it is most likely used based off studies and statistics over a long period of time of the average ages of children who are generally dependant on others, and the average ages the elderly who are dependant on others. The dependancy age range is only and approximation so there will always be exceptions to it. We think that the most accurate age range would be from 18-75 since most 16-18 year olds still live at home and there are many cases of people ages 65-75 living on their own healthily, and able to work a simple job to provide themselves with a sustainable income
